Page 1
COVER PAGE
NATIONAL CHILDREN SCIENCE CONGRESS-2020
SCHOOL NAME : COMPOSITE SCHOOL PAGARA
FOCAL THEME : SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING
SUB THEME : SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING
PROJECT TITLE : DEFECATION IN OPEN FIELDS , EVEN AFTER THE TOILETS BEING MADE
TEAM LEADER : ANIL CHAURASIYA
OTHER MEMBER : ANKIT CHAURASIYA
GUIDE TRACHER : KIRAN DWIVEDI
DISTRICT : DEORIA STATE : UTTAR PRADESH
Page 2
Form A
Page 3
SUMMARY
We know that , in India on 150 th birth anniversary of Gandhiji i.e, on 2nd October 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission , was inaugurated by our honourable Prime Minister , Mr. Narendra Modi .
Under this mission, many works were executed , to build neat and clean India.
One of the aims of this mission was to build toilets in villages , to make the ladies feel protected of the sexual harassment and teasings by the low mentality people around. The second objective related to building toilets , was to keep the environment neat and clean and to maintain hygiene around.
It is because , we all know , there was a dier need of toilets in our homes . The defecation in open brings not only water borne diseases , but also is one of the major reasons of death due to malnutrition under the age of 5 years of children due to loss of essential nutrients and low recovery rate . It also is hazardous , because the faeces around in open areas , not only attract flies but also is one of the reasons of vector borne diseases. Open defecation increases toxins and bacteria into the ecosystem . Because of the faeces in the fields during rainy seasons, microbes can enter the aquatic system causing harm to aquatic life .
All these reasons are so very powerful that everyone should use toilets .
But what we see around is that still people in rural areas are defecating in open spaces.
Though the toilets are made , still each and every member of the family is not using the toilet regularly.
This was the problem which was noticed by me and my team member. And we started to find out the reasons for it .
After finding some probable reasons ,we took one methodology of survey.
We created few questions on it under the guidance of our guide teacher and went home to home for survey .
We collected data from 80 to 90 families .
And finally after observation we came to conclusion that
1. Most of the toilets were non functional due to unavailability of seats , doors, and roofs .
2. Most of the toilets were away from water accessibility.
3. Electricity was a big problem as it was unsafe to use toilets during dark hours because of the fear of snakes and other insects.
Coming to solution part, what is most necessary is that the toilets should be built properly in functional state . Second , innovative models of toilet seats should be designed and developed with inbuilt light facilities. May be portable toilets must be brought into use .Third , solar , bio or eco toilets must be designed to be used by common man of rural areas.
Further , awareness among people should be increased, so that people can understand the purpose and need of using toilets , instead of giving preference to the defecation in open fields .
Page 4
CONTENT
■ MAP OF STUDY AREA
■ INTRODUCTION
■ REASON FOR SELECTION
■ HYPOTHESES
■ OBJECTIVES
■ WORK PLAN
■ METHODOLOGY
■ OBSERVATION
■ DATA ANALYSIS
■ CONCLUSION
■SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM
• IMPACT ON SOCIETY
■ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
■ REFERENCES
■ ENCLOSURES
Page 5
MAP OF STUDY AREA
Page 6
INTTODUCTION
I am , Anil kumar Chaurasiya and I belong to village Pagara , a rural background of Deoria district .
In 2014 , I was in third standard , and I found my parents and neighbours talking about , Swachh Bharat Mission inaugrated by our honourable Prime Minister of India , Narendra Modi on October 2nd of 2014.
Being very young I was not much aware of the things at that time . But recently two years back, when , Pradhan of our village started to build toilets for every home under " Swachh Bharat Mission " , I started to realise the meaning and importance of the mission .
I came to know about this mission more and more from local newspapers, media and my teachers around . Then I started understanding the need and reason behind building of these toilets . I found that people around me were happy for for this, especially the women , who were under pressure to defecate in open areas due to unavailability of toilets in their homes.
Page 7
After awareness from the books, newspapers, media , my teachers and from my surroundings, I came to know about the hazardous effects of defecation in open fields . It creates -
● Waterborne diseases like cholera , diarrhoea, jaundice , typhoid etc.
● Loads of Microbes can enter into aquatic system causing harm to aquatic life .
● It can introduce bacteria and microbes in water system making it unfit for drinking.
● It introduces toxins and bacteria into the ecosystem .
● The poor stinct emanating from Refuse , pollutes the surrounding air .
● The faeces in open field attract flies and further introduces vector borne diseases like dengue , chikungunya etc.
● Malnutrition in children below 5 years of age due to diarrhoea and loss of essential nutrients from the body which becomes hard to recover.
● Stunted growth of children in rural areas .
These were the negative impacts of defecation in open. But what was troubling me , was that after the building of the toilets , still I found people sitting here and there defecating outside for the removal of their body wastages .
This scenario was not only in my locality but also in other nearby villages .
This is the reason why we decided to work on this problem as a topic under sub title
SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE
LIVING
Which , further felt in main theme category of
SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING.
Page 8
PROBABLE REASONS FOR DEFECATION IN OPEN FIELDS
● Non awareness of harmful effects of defecation in open spaces
● Non availability of toilets .
● Toilets are not in functional state .
● Lack of water facilities near the toilets.
● Lack of technology and infrastructure.
● Cultural belief of creating poor environment at home making it अपवित्र स्थान on using toilets at home.
● It's a BEHAVIOURAL habit.
● A fear of thinking that every member in family, ,if will use the toilet , the septic tank could be filled very early and then it requires another maintenance of emptying it.
OBJECTIVES
1. To collect the data for nonfunctional availability of roilets
2. To collect the data and reasons of nonfunctional toilets .
2. To collect the data of the toilets with no water facilities
3. To collect the data of toilets with flush and easy accessibility of electricity.
4. To collect the data for the cultural belief and dependency on behavioural habits .
5.To collect the data for the awareness among people about the harmful effects of defecation in open .
Page 9
WORK PLAN
Since , the problem was based on social living of the people . We decided to collect the informations on the usage of toilets in our own village and other nearby localities.
The informations which were to be collected
were based on the following questions
1. Do you have toilets in home ?
2. Are they in functional state ?
• Do you have roofs on the toilets ?
• Do the toilets have doors ?
• Do the toilets have proper seats ?
• Do the toilets have flush system ?
3. Do you use them on regular basis ?
4. Do each member of your family use toilet ?
5. Do you have water accessibility near the toilets ?
7. Is there any member in your family who still defecate outside ?
Reason ?
8. Do you still go out for defecation ?
9. Do you feel that it is unhygienic to use toilets inside homes ?
10. Do you know the harmful effects of defecating outside in open area ?
These questions were further tabulated under different category to get the informative data out of it .
The second step was to go with the planning of survey .
Page 10
METHODOLOGY : Survey Method
We used a survey method to find the most appropriate reason for our problem . We went home to home and collected raw data in our notebooks , in the presence of our guide teacher . The data collection was based on few questions . The same questions were asked to every family we visited near our locality . We took responses of 80 to 90 families for the data collection. We collected the data first and arranged it in tabular form .
Pics of the data to be pasted here
Page 11
OBSERVATION
Then we applied our maths and created comparative 4 to 6 graphs out of it .
And finally we created 2 graphs to get overall perspective of the survey .
Pics of the tabular graph to be pasted here
Page 12
DATA ANALYSIS
The result was surprising !
We came to know that 30 % of the people especially , women are not aware of the harmful effects of defecation in open. 14 % of the houses were not having the toilets in them. 37 % of the toilets were not in functional states.
12% of toilets were not in regular use due to lack of water and electricity . 3 % of the people think that the tanks are small and could be filled early ,after uses by each member of the family . 4 % of the people are habituated to it due to cultural beliefs
Page 13
CONCLUSION
From the observations, it is concluded that , the reason behind the open defecation is , non awareness and mostly the non functioning of the toilets . Because of lack of infrastructure like
1. Walls of the toilets are made but the toilet seats are not installed .
2 . Where the toilet seats are installed, doors are not built ,instead only a curtain is used in place of door.
3 .Lack of nearby water facility and the absence of flush system is highly unhygienic to use toilets and is a big reason of irregular use of toilets .
4. Due to lack of awareness of effects of defecation in open fields , people still show their belief in cultural practices , they have been following for years .
5. The other reasons are the behavioural habits and a belief of walking out for a fresh air and good motion .
Page 14
SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM
● Proper completion of the incomplete toilets .
● Proper availability of infrastructure like electricity, water supplies and flush system
● Use of technology to build biotoilets at high frequency rates.
● Use of technology where toilet seats with lights and flush system could be installed together .
● Using techniques to execute the idea of solar heated toilets
● Use of technology to create eco toilets .
● Bringing awareness among people about the harmful effects of defecation in open.
IMPACT ON SOCIETY
More and more use of toilets , definitely , will bring positive impact on the environment . The health of the people in rural area will be improved more and more. The village I live in, is located on the sides of a main road . And one can find the feces around and everywhere near the road sides . So proper functional toilets in homes and awareness among the people , will bring behavioural habits and the cultural practices to a stop hopefully.
It not only will bring hygiene to the environment but also will decrease death rate of children below 5 years of age due to malnutrition and diseases . Many water borne and vector borne diseases could be avoided by the use of toilets.
The most important part is to come out with some innovative ideas of creating solar , bio or eco toilets , probably with inbuilt light system, which could be effective in less water as well .
Let's add our contribution towards Swachh Bharat Mission by using toilets properly
and bringing awareness among rural people regarding the use of toilets and harmful effects of defecation in open area.
Page 15
FOLLOW UP ACTION
The follow up action which is required by us is to bring awareness among people about the sanitation and hygiene.
Most of hte people in villages and rural areas are unaware of the harmful effects of open defecation in fields.
To bring awareness -
1. Innovative ideas on eco toilets , should be promoted .
2. We need to conduct rallies time to time.
3. The Pradhan and the village panchayat should be trained first , about the sanitation , hygiene and the harms of defecation in open area.
4. The Pradhan ,Village Panchayat should be made accountable and given responsibility of making people to use toilets rather than opting for cultural practices.
5.The students and teachers should conduct various NUKKAD NATAK in villages to bring awareness among people about the uses of toilets and harmful effects of defecation.
6. Proper funds should be provided by the government for full functioning of the toilets
Page 16
This was a very small trial on one of the issues for social innovations on sustainable living . Since , we are the children of a country with huge population and we need to think about the innovative ideas regarding the problems we face in our society .
We would like to thanks the forum of National Children Science Congress which has initiated such a programme to give chances to children like us. We are from rural backgrounds and don't get the chances to reach such platforms to forecast our ideas into reality.
We are also thankful to the group members of NCSC at district level . We would like to thanks our honourable Vigyan Sancharak Deoria ,Mr. Anil Tripathi , and the other members of the Ncsc team like Mr. Upendra Upadhyay.
We would like to say thanks to our honourable Bsa , Mr. Santosh Rai and Beo Mr.Vinod Tripathi .
Further in the list we would like to say thanks to our Upper primary Head Mistress, Mrs Vinda Rai and primary Head Mistress Mrs. Hemlata Pandey and Sankul Prabhari Mrs Sushma Rai for their valuable support and guidance.
Further, in the series we would like to say thanks to our school teachers of junior and primary , who have given suggestions and remarks for the project , whenever we needed .
Last but not the least , we would like to say thanks to our guide teacher , Mrs Kiran Dwivedi, who has encouraged us to participate in the NCSC project . She has guided us at every step in finding problem and the reason around , in planning, in choosing the methodology .She has also supported us in applying the methodology to verify the probable reasons behind the problem chosen . We are thankful to her for her guided support , in applying scientific approach towards each step.
Thankyou.
REFERENCES
We have taken references from Google search , text books of up basic shiksha , local news paper , media and surrounding people .
Thankyou.
Research by - Team Leader : Anil Chaurasiya
Other Member : Ankit Chaurasiya
Guide Teacher : Kiran Dwivedi
Compiled and prepared by : Kiran Dwivedi Pandey
